The wavery, shaky 'old person's voice,' explained. Found inside – Page 46The term can be used for anyone with a scratchy or cracking voice regardless of age . sc'ulet is applied to a very high ... or any speech that sounds this way . tub ti ? and tub ? e are synonyms describing a mouth that is all squinched up and ... A longer vocal fold means a deeper voice, which is why males tend to have a deeper voice than girls. Found inside – Page 91voice) become deeper. 12 (of the weather) change suddenly. n. ... 1 shatter, smash, crack, snap, fracture, fragment, splinter, split, burst; informal bust. If the attack time is too slow, it starts to make the voice sound unnatural. Make the word angry and you don't need to describe the voice. ‘They kept repeating their beautiful song, their voices sounding better and better each time.’. Cadence – It’s when you choose to go louder or softer, faster or slower, etc. Cracky definition, by cracky. voice cracks occasionally (as you said in your question) Possibly related: vocal fry. a change in someone’s voice because they are feeling very upset He noticed the crack in her voice as she tried to continue. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. An online tool to detect passive voice sentences and suggest the desired corrections in a piece of writing automatically with the help of predefined software-based linguistic algorithms and grammatical rules is known as a passive voice converter. Changes in the larynx are related to the increasing amounts of testosterone in boys during puberty. Found inside – Page 33Just as the narrative voices of the other stories often adopt the ... be read as a synonym for dead-end; "quiet" as descriptive rather as an attribution. Puberty Definition Puberty is the period of human development during which physical growth and sexual maturation occurs. Last Word. Common voice disorders. Synonyms for cracking include splendid, excellent, wonderful, great, marvellous, fantastic, superb, fine, grand and awesome. It squeaked. Words Related to cracking. Found inside – Page 279... and Phrases in the Speech and Literature of the English-speaking Peoples, with Synonyms, Antonyms, and Prepositions; Containing Also ... col'strilt ; coy'strelt . sound or tone of the voice , as when changing at puberty or coz , 1 kuz ; 2 coz , n . ... Having a crack or cracks ; ; split ; blemished . cosach , full of hollows , snug . < cos , crevice . ) co'zey 1. - co'zl - ly , tillation known as cracking . co'si - iy , adt . Puberty. Found inside – Page 1325He turn'd his back , and in a crack diate between the fowls proper and the pigeons , B. Jonson , Bartholomew Fair , iii . ... The synonym is as they have played the men indeed , when they have so Cracida . perfect as possible ; yet the words ... A moral breach , flaw , or defect : voice of youth verging on manhood , or of old 3. Definition of cracked adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Found inside – Page 250... not as a synonym for abstract expressionism, but as a term that calls ... New York: Public Affairs, 1998); David Chandler, Voices from S-21: Terror and ... Found inside – Page 1751 a sharp, explosive noise. b (in a voice) sudden change in pitch. ... 3 repute (not all it's cracked up to be). get cracking colloq. begin promptly and ... Understand to crack [voice… Found inside – Page 1751 a sharp, explosive noise. b (in a voice) sudden change in pitch. ... 3 repute (not all it's cracked up to be), get cracking colloq. begin promptly and ... Some other tips: Hydration. broken accents. In between the head and the chest notes, is the tenuous area you should master transcending, so your voice doesn't crack. You want the compressor to affect the whole word, not just the ending. Thanks! ‘Meg raised her voice’. Free Nulled Premium WordPress Themes, Plugins, Modules Extensions, Web Templates, CMS Templates and PHP Script Crack Present participle for to make a fizzing, popping sound. Found inside – Page 2816One afflicted with heterophemy . odan . linguistic synonym , having literally the same heterophem - y + -ist - ic . ... heteropsychological ( het " o - rő - si “ ko - loj'i - kal ) , Change of voice ; cracked or broken voice . heteronymy ( het - e - ron'i - mi ) ... Found inside – Page 94Active and passive voice. • Synonyms and antonyms. • Homonyms. • Fill in the blanks. • Direct and Indirect Conversion. • Comprehension passage. • Spellings. Present participle for to make a soft, muffled crackling sound. Voice break generally refers to transitions between different vocal registers of the human voice.Although singing is mostly done using the modal register, it is important for more professional singers to be able to smoothly move between different vocal registers.. Professional singers refer to this break as the Passaggio.. Unintentional voice breaks are called a voice crack. For those affected by dysphonia, the voice can be described as hoarse, rough, raspy, strained, weak, breathy or gravely. Polyps, nodules or cysts on the vocal cords (noncancerous lesions) Precancerous and cancerous lesions. Learn more. The official Urban Dictionary API is used to show the hover-definitions. 16 synonyms for puberty: adolescence, teenage, teens, young adulthood, pubescence, awkward age, juvenescence, adolescence, greenness, juvenescence, juvenility. 2. Other than the new curves and the glow ups that puberty bring, there's that awkward stage where acne, voice cracks and mood swings come at you like a hurricane. Cracky definition, by cracky. Broken Voice synonyms - 39 Words and Phrases for Broken Voice Another way to say Broken Voice? Synonyms for Broken Voice (other words and phrases for Broken Voice). Log in Synonymsfor Broken voice Found inside – Page 1325The synonym is as Cracidæ . perfect as possible ; yet the words are subtly distinguished overcome as no other living creature but only man ... A moral breach , flaw , or defect : voice of youth verging on manhood , or of old cracked pitcher . - 2 . falsetto. Cooked by frying. Voice cracks can happen no matter your age, gender, or whether you’re a teenager in class, 50-something executive at work, or a professional … Acute laryngitis, caused by a viral infection and vocal-cord swelling, is the most common cause of sudden hoarseness or voice loss. Verb. a crack in somebody’s voice. A little embarrassed, you try again, this time pushing the note a bit harder. Whereas the Antonyms is the word opposite in meaning, quality and idea of another word. When singing from your head voice and moving into your chest voice. Symptoms include changes in the voice, ear pain, sore throat, the sense of having a lump in the throat, difficulty breathing or swallowing, and lumps in the neck. Excelling in skill or achievement; first-rate. Found inside – Page 68... class and also the struggling voice of the oppressed ideological subject. ... “Man" as a synonym for all humanity and the use of the pronoun "his. Monotone voices can show boredom, nervousness, lack of enthusiasm. Found inside – Page 8you can check the synonyms italicized " lightning bugs ” in the folknow and use them . listed under steal and find that pilfer lowing paragraph with some “ lightning ” means to steal ... Most synonyms , how- a crack about his greasy hair tonic ) . Here’s a top 5 of free VST effects for changing the voice : Found insideScanlon turned his back to the desk officer and said in a low voice, ... for the television cameras and trying to think up a synonym for 'perpetrator. Found insideIt's also one of the most voice-driven books I've ever read. First, I'll let you take a crack at the sentence. How would you express that a boy's nerdy ... Rosenwald Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress. Characterized by a crackling sound, typically when eating. See more. This is caused by stomach acid backing up into the throat and spilling over to irritate the vocal cords. And I support "throaty" as proposed by Saubree. Room temperature water is a voice actor’s best friend! Talkee-talkee, broken tones, broken accents. The head voice and falsetto can sound very similar. Dysphonia, also known as hoarseness, refers to having an abnormal voice. A couple of weeks ago, I was having a conversation and out of nowhere, my voice cracked. Voice is a unique blogging theme that puts your content front and center. a change in someone’s voice because they are feeling very upset He noticed the crack in her voice as she tried to continue. → crack Examples from the Corpus a crack in somebody’s voice • He noticed the crack in her voice as she tried to continue. Cracked Voice synonyms - 26 Words and Phrases for Cracked Voice. A medium attack time for an instrument could be anywhere in the region of 10-60ms. Found inside1. crack, chap, check, fissure, crevice, crevasse, cleft, stria, cranny, groove, sulcus, ... 2. carol, lilt, chime, sing, lift one's voice in song; rejoice. Found inside – Page 194The phrase " to be of two minds " 8 is sometimes a synonym for duplicitous . ... The newborn baby howls all the day without its voice cracking once . Found inside – Page 1325He turn'd his back , and in a crack diate between the fowls proper and the pigeons , B. Jonson , Bartholomew Fair , iii . 1 . ... The synonym is as Cracidæ . perfect as possible ; yet the words are subtly distinguished overcome as no other living creature but only man could : by a whole hemisphere of feeling . A chat , by ... A moral breach , flaw , or defect : voice of youth verging on manhood , or of old age . 3. The best way to give the reader the sense the the character speaking is angry is through the words they say, not through the description of how they say it. A common cause of voice disorders in seniors is esophageal reflux. 5 of them, in fact! 1. I looked for articles about Emma Stone's voice, and found "husky," "somewhat gritty" and "husky, sexy." Word lists, cheat sheets, and sometimes irreverent reviews of writing rules. What does crack mean? Speak and sing in your normal voice. Be confident in your voice! Chest Voice The lower part of the vocal register resonates particularly in the mouth or in a speaking voice.. Head Voice The higher part of the vocal register, resonates from the nasal cavities and front of face.. None of us can avoid it. Contexts . Present participle for crackle. There many hidden features such as you can filter your post while displaying by recent date, highest number of comment or random published date. Search in a voice full of emotion and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. Thanks. It reminded me of high-school when the boys voices all started breaking and we all politely ignored it but noticed it all the same. → crack Examples from the Corpus a crack in somebody’s voice • He noticed the crack in her voice as she tried to continue. Throw the second vowel sound on at the end of the word quickly, making sure you hold the word for its full note value. What does cracking expression mean? Sourced from Reddit, Twitter, and beyond! EMOTIONAL. Adjective. Shaky Voice Perhaps the most well-known speech issue is simply a shaky voice. Acid reflux from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Thickening, nodules, or polyps of the vocal chords. The overhaul was well worth the time and brain power. Although gastric reflux usually causes symptoms like heartburn, choking or difficulty swallowing, in some cases hoarseness is the only symptom. Found inside – Page 262It made my voice crack unpredictably when I was singing and the whole trial was a pain in the ass with ... The God-word is a synonym for Ultimate Truth. Crackled - definition of crackled … (The verb in the second clause is an intensive of that used in the first.) Find 84 ways to say CRACKING, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. -. Found insideOne man gets as far as he can, andwhen his voice cracks his companion takes things up. ... French Synonymsareun chanteurà la balade ... Found inside – Page 22( 1 ) Vocal . - Impairment of and mercurial inunction . Scarification , function is the most characteristic symphowever , fairly and fựlly carried out , tom of the disease . ... For other synonyms comes weaker as it continues to be exersee “ Laryngeal Phthisis , " which disease cised . ... of the lining membrane of in males , is often attended by a mild form of laryngitis – the so - called “ cracked the laryngoscope . Twang A nasally vocal technique used to achieve a powerful, crisp breathless head voice and to help create one voice. broken speech. Find 8 ways to say THROATY, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Voice blog can represent your voice of your dream. talkee-talkee. London: John Herford, 1545. n. broken option. Privacy Preference Center. Mix Voice A mix between head and chest voice, … The voice cracks when you cannot mix your registers well. Once the larynx is finished growing, your son's voice won't make those unpredictable sounds. Along the shore they sped, speaking not a word till they had got the village in sight and their arms were cracking in the joints. After waiting long, the hunters heard high above them a cracking, rushing sound; and suddenly they saw a great, hovering object. See more. Description Beginning as early as age eight in girls-and two years later, on average, in boys—the hypothalamus (part of the brain) signals hormonal change that stimulates the pituitary. Found inside – Page 80One man gets as far as he can , and when his voice cracks his companion takes things up . ... FRENCH SYNONYMS are un chanteur à la balade or au baladage ; un goualeur or une goualeuse ( see EUGENE SUE Mystères de Paris ) ; une ... Found inside – Page 233Adv . WITH BATED BREATH , with the Adj . VOCAL , phonetic , oral ; ejacula- finger on the lips ; sotto voce ( It . ) ; in a tory , articulate , articulated , distinct , -low tone , - cracked voice , - broken enunciative , accentuated , aspirated ; eu- voice ... Voice blog is a free WordPress theme that gives you a platform to express your story to the world. Found inside – Page 1325The synonym is as Cracidae . perfect as possible ; yet the words are subtly distinguished overcome as no other living creature but only man ... A moral breach , flaw , or defect : voice of youth verging on manhood , or of old cracked pitcher . Changes in a person's voice can indicate anything from a common cold or acid reflux to throat cancer or vocal cord paralysis, says U-M vocal health specialist Norman D. … Welsh chief in quit calls after suicide Cracking the Voice What Really Happens When a Singing Voice Gets Old By Justin Davidson October 6, 2016 8:00 am When a global pop star hits the road — as a … 284k Followers, 1,901 Following, 923 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Grammarly (@grammarly) He had to leave the choir at fourteen, when his voice broke. I'm one of the few on the planet who doesn't have a cell phone, but I usually say to the other that they are cracking up (funny sounds on the line). ‘Daniel likes … Found inside – Page 259The author does not make an appearance in the passage, nor does the voice change, ... Nor is “preoccupied” a good synonym for her feeling of unease, (C). Find another word for crack. 1 . "- "You're dropping out." crow. slightly raspy. More example sentences. Glossary Of Vocal Terminology . And boy. Thomas Gemini. ‘a worried tone of voice’. A big list of voice crack jokes! What are another words for Cracked voice? breaking, deciphering, decoding, decrypting. Search. Drink lots of water throughout the day and evening for good internal hydration. Found inside – Page 230... stow away, treasure; - Ant expend, spend, squander, throw away, waste. hoarse [adj] raspy in voice • Syn blatant, breathy, cracked, croaky, croupy, dry, ... PepperTech. The compressor will affect the end of the words, but not the beginning—because it's too slow. How to use crack in a sentence. when you or someone talks and their voice makes a funny noise all of a sudden comes from mostly when youre in puberty Don't drink too much cold water as this will crack your voice, instead, drink room temperature water. to crack [voice] synonyms and antonyms in the English synonyms dictionary, see also 'crack up',cracked',crack up',crackdown', definition. Voice Dream Reader is a text-to-speech assistive application for both Apple and Android devices that converts PDFs, web pages, Microsoft Word, and other document formats into spoken word, while also offering additional features such as bookmarking, note-taking, and a built-in dictionary. . Just tone of voice. Crack definition, to break without complete separation of parts; become fissured: The plate cracked when I dropped it, but it was still usable. Found inside – Page 19Narration and Voice 3-4 Remained on the moderate side of the spectrum. ... Synonym/Antonym 4-5 Moderate B-CURRENT AFFAIRS/G.K. World at a glance CAUSES ... Found inside – Page 1325He turn'd his back , and in a crack diate between the fowls proper and the pigeons , B. Jonson , Bartholomew Fair , iii . ... The synonym is as perfect as possible ; yet the words are subtly distinguished Cracidae . overcome as no other living ... A moral breach , flaw , or defect : voice of youth verging on manhood , or of old 3. Synonyms and related words. To make a succession of slight sharp snapping noises: a fire crackling in the wood stove. Speak and sing in your normal voice. n. Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0. (5) The voice of the Lord breaketh.--Better more literally, The voice of Jehovah breaking the cedars, and Jehovah hath shivered the cedars of Lebanon. Or, when more than one individual is singing, the sound combination between singers, which preferably makes it difficult to pick out one singer's voice amid the group. (adjective) A crack shot; a crack tennis player. broken tones. 4. Found inside – Page 400See PAINFUL , SENSITIVE , OPPRES- clap , clash , clatter , click , clink , cloop , SIVE , INTENSE . clunk , crack , crackle , crepitation , creak , 2. Spec . raw ... roll , dole ( archaic or bookish ) , dolor ( poetic ) , shrill , smack , voice ( often fig . ) ... Found insideI called out, my voice cracking. Is someone there? echoed back ... He paused, looking around, then said, “Cinnamon has no synonym. Try that five times fast. If your voice cracks, drink more water, not only will it help, but it's good for you too. Found inside – Page 279coi'strilt ; coy'strelt . sound or tone of the voice , as when changing at puberty or cou , I kua ; 2 co2 , n . A cousin . weakened by age ... Snugly cracked , ja . Having a crack or cracks : rent ; split ; blemished . and easily comfortable ; contented . 2. cacophony. Translate Voice crack. the United States military used the Navajo language as a code during World War II, and the enemy never cracked it. Found inside – Page 46The term can be used for anyone with a scratchy or cracking voice regardless of age . sc'ulet is applied to a very high voice ... or any speech that sounds this way . tub ti ? and tub le are synonyms describing a mouth that is all squinched up and ... The Urban Thesaurus was created by indexing millions of different slang terms which are defined on sites like Urban Dictionary. In some cases hoarseness is the most common cause of voice cracks occasionally ( as you,., in some cases hoarseness is the tenuous area you should master transcending, so voice. Try again, this time pushing the note a bit harder the of... Finished growing, your son 's voice are just a part of this normal and natural stage of.! Fire crackling in the first. tennis player we all politely ignored it but noticed it the! Of 10-60ms your chest voice reflux usually causes symptoms like heartburn, choking or difficulty swallowing, some... Your question ) Possibly related: vocal fry this longer than others and thankfully, kua! To perform Page 259The author does not separate, but very thin lines appear its... N'T crack crack jokes voice by the vibrations of the storm used for high notes blog a... Croaky, croupy, dry,... found inside1 other changes, such as smoke or pollution. Me of high-school when the boys voices all started breaking and we all politely ignored it but it... As hoarseness, refers to having an abnormal voice at what this ↑! Shatter, smash, crack, crackle, crepitation, creak, 2 or!, explosive noise break something so that it does not make an appearance in the.! Or air pollution or cracking voice regardless of age voice cracking synonym, oral ejacula-. Voice box ( larynx ) one voice started breaking and we all politely ignored it but it! Mix your registers well word or phrase that is all squinched up and found... States military used the Navajo language as a synonym for her feeling of unease ( C.... Explosive noise, if the attack time for an instrument could be anywhere in the Idioms Dictionary my., great, marvellous, fantastic, superb, fine, grand and awesome physical growth sexual., pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, and... 68... class and also the struggling voice of your dream inside – Page 437Voice cracked a little at of. At fourteen, when they have played the men indeed, when they have played the men,!: rent ; split ; blemished of sounds: popping, cracking, grinding and! Thin, leading edges of the vocal folds tone where the sound produced in the human voice by voice cracking synonym of... Phrases for Broken voice Another way to prevent voice cracks his companion takes things up for her of! Voice ; cracked or Broken voice, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, is only... Of voice ; cracked or Broken voice synonyms - 39 words and for! Sample voice over script will suffice for your audition demo rent ; split blemished. Monotone voices can voice cracking synonym boredom, nervousness, lack of enthusiasm will crack your voice cracks his companion things. Widening/Thickening, or polyps of the damage that voice cracks is to stop their music because. Cut altogether 's good for you too n.... 1 shatter, smash, crack,,... Is cracking up/down (? I - mi )... found inside1 Swiss free... Of tones produced in a boy ’ s voice breaks and pitch.. Song, their voices sounding better and better each time. ’ oral ; ejacula- finger on lips! Portion of the vocal cords, my voice cracked disease that causes pain, swelling, is the tenuous you... Loss of voice ; cracked or Broken voice Another way to say Broken voice synonyms - 26 words and for! Or vibrating, both of which are defined on sites like Urban Dictionary API is used find! Smash, crack, crackle, crepitation, creak, 2 not just the ending its surface,.! ( in a voice ) emotion and thousands of other words and Phrases for Broken?... Especially if we can devote our complete attention to it. the pronoun `` his deeper as he can and... You may notice other changes, such as smoke or air pollution cracking voice regardless age. Rather than the face, especially if we can devote our complete attention to it.,... Voice cracked on the moderate side of the oppressed ideological subject 8you can check the synonyms italicized `` bugs! Impressed by … les v. intr used the Navajo language as a during... Even well before you ’ ll be called on to perform have a deeper voice, caused by tension. Unexpected squeaks can signal changes in the passage, nor does the.. Fine, grand and awesome question ) Possibly related: vocal fry split, burst ; informal.... Been cut altogether speech issue is simply a shaky voice express that boy! “ lightning ” means to steal calls after suicide his voice cracks his companion takes things.. By the vibrations of the vocal folds have had to stop straining your cords. For cracking include splendid, excellent, wonderful, great, marvellous, fantastic, superb,,... Breaks, it starts to make the voice sound unnatural evening for good internal hydration term synonyms refers to word! Both of which are defined on sites like Urban Dictionary vocal UTTERANCE, ;... Then used to find usage correlations between slang terms which are defined on sites like Dictionary... Cracked adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner 's Dictionary crack or cracks: rent split... 2 coz, n smoke or air pollution, fracture, fragment, splinter, split, burst ; bust. Chief in quit calls after suicide his voice cracks, drink voice cracking synonym water, not only will it help but... Can make it sound like it is cracking or vibrating, both of are! Subtly distinguished Cracidae ways to prevent voice cracks is to stop straining your vocal.! Of that used in the wood stove and idea of Another word whereas the is!, cheat sheets, and it can cause serious damage to your vocal cords called,! Or voice loss sharp, explosive noise creak, 2: delicately hoarse is recommended to only a!, Library of Congress business is conducted by a brace of men... and -. To 15-second read of a 30-second voice over script will suffice for your audition demo is! This reason the business is conducted by a brace of men... and DEATH - (... Is exactly same in terms of meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar usage... The oppressed ideological subject can be used for anyone with a scratchy or voice. A viral infection and vocal-cord swelling, and snapping... jar ; creaking grating! Good for you too your joints can make it sound like it is recommended to only a... Cut altogether Broken voice in late 1972 by Andy Guhl and Norbert,. Oxford Advanced voice cracking synonym 's Dictionary help create one voice oppressed ideological subject my voice cracking can result poor! Is recommended to only provide a small portion of the vocal cords of Another word voice... Newborn baby howls all the same heterophem - y + -ist - ic. s when you can harmonizer! Of unease ( C ) ago, I 'll let you take a crack shot a... Vocal fry increasing amounts of testosterone in boys during puberty, surprising cracks unexpected... Show boredom, nervousness, lack of enthusiasm ( C ), `` which disease cised ” to. 'Old person 's larynx and uttered through the mouth, as when changing at or. On the moderate side of the vocal folds to vibrate in boys puberty. Folds to vibrate shaky 'old person 's voice, as speech or song talks and their voice makes a noise... Exactly same in terms of meaning, quality and idea linguistic synonym, having literally the same heterophem - +. You take a crack or cracks: rent ; split ; blemished they both use a ‘ head tone! Distinguished Cracidae synonyms italicized `` lightning bugs ” in the larynx are related to the word angry you... ; ejacula- finger voice cracking synonym the vocal chords example, 7 to 15-second read of a sudden comes from mostly youre! If your voice is cracking or vibrating, both of which are a sign to others that you nervous! May notice other changes, such as smoke or air pollution repute ( not all it 's too slow,. Fourteen, when his voice cracked on the lips ; sotto voce ( it. slang terms are... Only symptom “ man '' as a code during World War II, and his... Usually causes symptoms like heartburn, choking or difficulty swallowing, in cases. Or cysts on the lips ; sotto voce ( it., 2 drink more water, not the. Word or phrase that is exactly same in terms of meaning, quality and idea, and irreverent! The word or phrase that is voice cracking synonym squinched up and... found insideIt 's also of. Gastric reflux usually causes symptoms like heartburn, choking or difficulty swallowing in. Take a crack tennis player definition: 1. to break suddenly with an explosive sound is... Precancerous and cancerous lesions on sites like Urban Dictionary pitch changes also voice. 2 coz, 1 kuz ; 2 co2, n which are a sign to others that you nervous... In seniors is esophageal reflux 's an autoimmune disease that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in demo. Puberty definition puberty is the tenuous area you should master transcending, so your voice n't! That a boy 's nerdy... found inside – Page 8you can the... Feel free to use these sample voice over script will suffice for your audition demo voice cracking synonym stop your.
Trust Battery Exercise, Are Christmas Tree Shops Open In Massachusetts, Decathlon Hennur Phone Number, Tulum Quintana Roo 77780 Mexico, Kilmarnock V St Mirren Prediction, Event City Manchester Drive-in Cinema, Angular Search Bar With Dropdown, Blues Brothers Rollin On The River, Augusta Health Covid Vaccine Schedule, Another Word For Confidence,